Centennial Exposition: Celebrating 100 Years of American Progress
Centennial Exposition: Celebrating 100 Years of American Progress
Edited by: Christian Answini | Sr. Fine Art Specialist
The 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia was America’s first World’s Fair, marking the nation’s 100th anniversary with an awe-inspiring display of industrial, artistic, and cultural achievements. Over 10 million visitors from around the world gathered to witness the latest technological advancements, grand pavilions, and international exhibits, making it a defining moment in American history. Our upcoming Fine and Decorative Arts Auction on March 13, 2025, features significant artifacts from this historic event, offering collectors and dealers the chance to own a tangible piece of this milestone celebration.
General Joseph R. Hawley: Architect of the Centennial Exposition
Few figures were as influential in shaping the Centennial Exposition as General Joseph R. Hawley. His legacy extends beyond the fair itself, spanning military service, politics, journalism, and advocacy for progress. Born in 1826, Hawley pursued law before shifting his focus to abolitionism, a cause that would define his early political career. As an outspoken opponent of slavery, he co-founded the Republican Party and became a leading voice for Unionist ideals.
When the Civil War erupted, Hawley joined the Union Army, quickly rising to the rank of Major General. His battlefield leadership earned him national recognition, and following the war, he entered politics, serving as Governor of Connecticut (1866-1867) and later as a U.S. Representative and Senator (1872-1905). A staunch advocate for industrial development and education, he championed policies that encouraged American innovation—values that would later be embodied in the Centennial Exposition.
As President of the U.S. Centennial Commission (1873-1876), Hawley played an instrumental role in orchestrating the exposition, ensuring that it would serve as a showcase of American ingenuity and resilience. His ability to unite state and federal leaders, secure international participation, and promote the exposition to a global audience was key to its success. He worked tirelessly to raise funding, coordinate exhibits, and oversee the construction of monumental buildings, including the massive Main Exhibition Building and Machinery Hall. His vision was clear: the Centennial was not just a celebration, but a declaration of the United States’ emergence as an industrial and cultural powerhouse.
On May 10, 1876, the opening day of the exposition, Hawley was honored with Lot #3189, the General Joseph R. Hawley Centennial Sterling Silver Presentation Cup. Presented by Sir Edward Thornton, the British Minister to the U.S., on behalf of Queen Victoria, this British sterling silver cup, crafted by Richards & Brown (London, 1876), symbolizes international recognition of Hawley’s efforts. Featuring brightcut decoration, a domed cover with an owl finial, and an inscription commemorating his contributions, the cup remains a testament to his pivotal role in making the exposition a reality.
#3189 • Gen. Joseph R. Hawley Centennial Sterling Silver Presentation Cup
The Centennial Exposition: A Grand Vision Realized
The Centennial Exposition was more than an anniversary celebration—it was a statement of national progress. Held in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, the fairgrounds spanned 285 acres, featuring nearly 200 buildings designed to showcase technological, artistic, and scientific achievements. Over 35 countries participated, displaying innovations ranging from Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone to the Corliss Steam Engine, a marvel of industrial engineering.
The event left a lasting cultural impact, influencing architecture, urban planning, and international trade. For many Americans, it was their first encounter with modern conveniences such as electric lights, elevators, and typewriters. The fair also introduced the world to American fine arts and craftsmanship, establishing the United States as a rising force in global commerce.
Capturing the Centennial: Historic Engravings
To truly appreciate the grandeur of the Centennial Exposition, visual representations are invaluable. Lot #3245 includes two hand-colored woodcut engravings published by Harper’s Weekly in 1876:
"The Centennial—Balloon View of the Grounds" (September 30, 1876) provides a stunning aerial perspective of the exposition grounds.
"Bird’s Eye View of Philadelphia" (May 27, 1876) showcases the city at the height of its Centennial celebrations.
These engravings, archivally framed and well-preserved, serve as vivid reminders of the exposition’s scale and significance.
Political Figures of the Era: 19th-Century Autograph Collection
The Centennial Exposition was a meeting ground for the nation’s most prominent political and cultural figures. Lot #3230 presents a collection of 68 autographs from influential 19th-century leaders, including:
General Joseph R. Hawley, a pivotal figure in the Centennial Exposition
Robert T. Lincoln, son of President Abraham Lincoln
Schuyler Colfax Jr., Vice President under Ulysses S. Grant
Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
Blanche Kelso Bruce, the first African American elected to the U.S. Senate
These signatures offer collectors a tangible link to the era’s political landscape and the figures who shaped America’s post-war recovery and industrial expansion.
The Lasting Legacy of General Joseph R. Hawley
Following the Centennial Exposition, Hawley continued his work as a U.S. Senator, advocating for infrastructure development, military modernization, and higher education. He remained deeply involved in journalism, using his platform as editor of the Hartford Courant to promote policies that encouraged economic growth and national unity. His contributions to American history, particularly his role in the Centennial, cemented his legacy as a visionary leader committed to progress.
The Centennial Exposition was a turning point in American identity, and Hawley’s leadership ensured its success. His ability to bridge political divides, unite international allies, and promote American achievements on a global stage made him one of the most influential figures of his time. The artifacts featured in our March 13, 2025 Fine and Decorative Arts Auction serve as lasting reminders of his impact and the enduring significance of the Centennial Exposition.
Bid Now and Own a Piece of History
Don’t miss this chance to acquire these remarkable artifacts. Register now to bid online or join us in person on March 13, 2025. This auction presents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to own pieces from one of the most celebrated events in U.S. history.
